Georgia : Climate Smart Irrigation Sector Development Program

Agriculture, natural resources and rural development / Agricultural production - Irrigation - Rural water policy, institutional and capacity development

Georgia is a small economy, with a population of 3.7 million in 2021. It has experienced varying annual rates of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) in recent years. Georgia's strong growth performance has not been matched by commensurate reductions in unemployment and poverty. Unemployment rates have remained high rand poverty levels showed a declining trend from 2013 to 2021.

The contribution of the agriculture sector to GDP decreased in 2021. Employment in the sector had also declined but remained well above its share in GDP in 2022. Food security is a serious concern for the government given the high food price inflation. Although Georgia has achieved a significant degree of self-sufficiency in many food categories, it remains heavily dependent on imports for staple cereals. Georgian agricultural exports comprise a limited number of products which are largely sold in a few international markets. The agriculture sector contributes around a quarter of total exports.

Following Georgia's independence in 1991, the disruption to irrigation management and the lack of funding led to the deterioration of irrigation infrastructure. It resulted in a significant reduction in irrigated area. By 2010, about 24,000 ha was irrigated as compared with 386,000 ha in the 1980s.

Agriculture, water resources, forestry, energy, waste, mineral resources, and health have been identified as highly vulnerable sectors to projected climate changes. The average temperatures in Georgia have increased steadily since the 1960s. Water resources availability in Georgia varies greatly by season and geographical area. Western Georgia has sufficient water resources while the eastern region is relatively dry, and water scarce. Projected decreases in river flows by the end of the 21st century during summer months may affect irrigated agriculture. The negative impact of this reduction in river flows could be exacerbated by increases in average temperatures and heat wave probability, leading to higher agricultural demand for irrigation. The overall effects of climate change on agricultural output could threaten an important source of income and employment for rural communities. It will increase inequality and food insecurity. Increasing climate resilience is critical for establishing sustainable agricultural production systems.

Food security in Georgia improved

Sustainable, productive, and resilient agriculture system in eastern Georgia strengthened

Institutional, governance, management, and financial management enhanced (policy component)

Kvemo Samgori Left Main Canal Irrigation Scheme modernized (investment component)

Innovative agriculture production systems demonstrated (investment component)